ASTM D3415-1998(2004) 水生石油识别的标准实施规范
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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforIdentificaitonofWaterborneOils
【原文标准名称】:水生石油识别的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMD3415-1998(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1998
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.06
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:水;油;工艺;识别
【英文主题词】:oilanalysis;oilidentification;spilledoils;waterborneoils;weathering
【摘要】:Oilfromonecrudeoilfieldisreadilydistinguishablefromanother,anddifferencesinthemakeupofoilsfromthesamecrudeoilfieldcanoftenbeobservedaswell.Refinedoilsarefractionsfromcrudeoilstocks,usuallyderivedfromdistillationprocesses.Tworefinedoilsofthesametypedifferbecauseofdissimilaritiesinthecharacteristicsoftheircrudeoilfeedstocksaswellasvariationsinrefineryprocessesandanysubsequentcontactwithotheroilsmixedinduringtransferoperationsfromresiduesintanks,ships,pipes,hoses,andsoforth.Thus,allpetroleumoils,tosomeextent,havechemicalcompositionsdifferentfromeachother.Identificationofarecoveredoilisdeterminedbycomparisonwithknownoilsselectedbecauseoftheirpossiblerelationshiptotheparticularrecoveredoil,forexample,suspectedsources.Thus,samplesofsuchknownoilsmustbecollectedandsubmittedalongwiththeunknownforanalysis.Identificationofthesourceofanunknownoilbyitselfcannotbemadewithoutcomparisontoaknownoil.TheprinciplesofoilspillidentificationarediscussedinRef(1).Manysimilarities(withinuncertaintiesofsampling,analysisandweathering)willbeneededtoestablishtheidentitybeyondareasonabledoubt.Theanalysesdescribedwilldistinguishmany,butnotallsamples.ExamplesofweatheringofvariousclassesofoilsareincludedinRef(2).ThispracticeisaguidetotheuseofASTMtestmethodsfortheanalysisofoilsamplesforoilspillidentificationpurposes.TheevaluationofresultsfromanalyticalmethodsandpreparationofanOilSpillIdentificationReportarediscussedinthispractice.OtheranalyticalmethodsaredescribedinRef(3).Aqualityassuranceprogramforoilspillidentificationisspecified.1.1Thispracticecoversthebroadconceptsofsamplingandanalyzingwaterborneoilsforidentificationandcomparisonwithsuspectedsourceoils.Detailedproceduresarereferencedinthispractice.Ageneralapproachisgiventoaidtheinvestigatorinplanningaprogramtosolvetheproblemofchemicalcharacterizationandtodeterminethesourceofawaterborneoilsample.1.2Thispracticeisapplicabletoallwaterborneoilstakenfromwaterbodies,eithernaturalorman-made,suchasopenoceans,estuariesorbays,lakes,rivers,smallerstreams,canals;orfrombeaches,marshes,orbanksliningoredgingthesewatersystems.Generally,thewaterborneoilsfloatonthesurfaceofthewatersorcollectonthelandsurfacesadjoiningthewaters,butoccasionallytheseoils,orportions,areemulsifiedordissolvedinthewaters,orareincorporatedintothesedimentsunderlyingthewaters,orintotheorganismslivinginthewaterorsediments.1.3ThispracticeaspresentlywrittenproposestheuseofspecificanalyticaltechniquesdescribedinthereferencedASTMstandards.Asadditionaltechniquesforcharacterizingwaterborneoilsaredevelopedandwrittenupastestmethods,thispracticewillberevised.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:E21
【国际标准分类号】:75_080
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:水生石油识别的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMD3415-1998(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1998
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.06
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:水;油;工艺;识别
【英文主题词】:oilanalysis;oilidentification;spilledoils;waterborneoils;weathering
【摘要】:Oilfromonecrudeoilfieldisreadilydistinguishablefromanother,anddifferencesinthemakeupofoilsfromthesamecrudeoilfieldcanoftenbeobservedaswell.Refinedoilsarefractionsfromcrudeoilstocks,usuallyderivedfromdistillationprocesses.Tworefinedoilsofthesametypedifferbecauseofdissimilaritiesinthecharacteristicsoftheircrudeoilfeedstocksaswellasvariationsinrefineryprocessesandanysubsequentcontactwithotheroilsmixedinduringtransferoperationsfromresiduesintanks,ships,pipes,hoses,andsoforth.Thus,allpetroleumoils,tosomeextent,havechemicalcompositionsdifferentfromeachother.Identificationofarecoveredoilisdeterminedbycomparisonwithknownoilsselectedbecauseoftheirpossiblerelationshiptotheparticularrecoveredoil,forexample,suspectedsources.Thus,samplesofsuchknownoilsmustbecollectedandsubmittedalongwiththeunknownforanalysis.Identificationofthesourceofanunknownoilbyitselfcannotbemadewithoutcomparisontoaknownoil.TheprinciplesofoilspillidentificationarediscussedinRef(1).Manysimilarities(withinuncertaintiesofsampling,analysisandweathering)willbeneededtoestablishtheidentitybeyondareasonabledoubt.Theanalysesdescribedwilldistinguishmany,butnotallsamples.ExamplesofweatheringofvariousclassesofoilsareincludedinRef(2).ThispracticeisaguidetotheuseofASTMtestmethodsfortheanalysisofoilsamplesforoilspillidentificationpurposes.TheevaluationofresultsfromanalyticalmethodsandpreparationofanOilSpillIdentificationReportarediscussedinthispractice.OtheranalyticalmethodsaredescribedinRef(3).Aqualityassuranceprogramforoilspillidentificationisspecified.1.1Thispracticecoversthebroadconceptsofsamplingandanalyzingwaterborneoilsforidentificationandcomparisonwithsuspectedsourceoils.Detailedproceduresarereferencedinthispractice.Ageneralapproachisgiventoaidtheinvestigatorinplanningaprogramtosolvetheproblemofchemicalcharacterizationandtodeterminethesourceofawaterborneoilsample.1.2Thispracticeisapplicabletoallwaterborneoilstakenfromwaterbodies,eithernaturalorman-made,suchasopenoceans,estuariesorbays,lakes,rivers,smallerstreams,canals;orfrombeaches,marshes,orbanksliningoredgingthesewatersystems.Generally,thewaterborneoilsfloatonthesurfaceofthewatersorcollectonthelandsurfacesadjoiningthewaters,butoccasionallytheseoils,orportions,areemulsifiedordissolvedinthewaters,orareincorporatedintothesedimentsunderlyingthewaters,orintotheorganismslivinginthewaterorsediments.1.3ThispracticeaspresentlywrittenproposestheuseofspecificanalyticaltechniquesdescribedinthereferencedASTMstandards.Asadditionaltechniquesforcharacterizingwaterborneoilsaredevelopedandwrittenupastestmethods,thispracticewillberevised.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:E21
【国际标准分类号】:75_080
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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